| Willingham | |
Cattell's Mill |
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Willingham
Willingham shown within Cambridgeshire |
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| Population | 3,900 (2007) |
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| OS grid reference | TL408707 |
| Shire county | Cambridgeshire |
| Region | East |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Postcode district | CB24 |
| Dialling code | 01954 |
| EU Parliament | East of England |
| List of places: UK • England • Cambridgeshire | |
Willingham is a medium to large village in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the edge of the Fens just south of the River Ouse. Driving north from the village one may observe the characteristic elevated straight roads and black soil.
Located approximately 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Cambridge, on the B1050 road, Willingham Parish occupies 1,878 hectares (4,641 acres), and had a population in 2007 of 3,900 people. Although the highest point in the village is only approximately 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level, Willingham is not generally considered to be at risk from flooding.
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Willingham's history is closely associated to its position on the edge of the Fens and it was only with the major efforts to drain the Fens during the 17th century that the parish took its modern structure. During the Middle Ages, the majority of the low-lying land in the parish was inundated annually, and the village had two permanent meres, with the larger of the two growing to 380 acres at times of highest water level. It was only with the construction of the sluice at Earith in 1650 which diverted the flow of the Ouse from the Old West into the New Bedford River that the parish was able to remain largely unflooded. Additional areas were drained by windmills until replaced by steam pumps in the mid-19th century.[1]
The area at the edge of the fens to the north of the present village was already occupied by the 2nd century, though these were at some point abandoned. The Aldreth causeway, which formed the main route between Cambridge and Ely in medieval times and perhaps dating from the Bronze Age, runs through the east of the parish past Belsar's Hill, and until the opening of the Cambridge-Ely turnpike in 1768, carriage traffic would have run through Willingham.[1]
Willingham has almost always been one of the most populous villages in Cambridgeshire. Registered population grew from 23 at the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 to 79 in 1251, and in 1377 the poll tax was paid by 287 adults. By 1801 the population was almost 800 inhabitants growing to more than 1600 in 1851 despite a wave of emigration to America in the 1830s. Numbers then remained generally constant until the 1960s when it grew rapidly again, and passing 2500 by 1981 and 3436 in 2001.[1][2]
In 1940 a German spy parachuted into Willingham, was eventually captured and turned into a double agent.[3]
The name Willingham probably originated from being the homestead of the family or followers of a man called "Wifel" and was called Vuivlingeham c. 1050 and Wivelingham around 1086. The name Wivelingham was also used to refer to the village until the 18th century.[1][4]
Evidence of Christian Anglo-Saxon activity in Willingham has been found, and there has probably been a church in the village since at least the 12th century. The present church of St Mary and All Saints was built on the foundations of the 12th century building. Mainly constructed in the 14th century, it consists of a chancel with north vestry, nave, a south porch, and a west tower with an unusual spire. It has notable 14th and 15th century figure paintings including a rare picture of a pregnant Virgin Mary.[1]
Willingham is well-served with facilities and has a primary school, library, surgery, post office and a number of shops and restaurants.
There are currently two pubs in the village — The Duke of Wellington and The Black Bull. (The Three Tuns is now an Indian restaurant.) The first recorded alehouses were The George in 1665 and the Five Bells in 1671 though by the late 19th century the number had risen to 16 with The George and The Vine the most notable. The White Hart opened in 1910; there were still 7 pubs in 1933 and 5 in 1982, of which the oldest was The Duke of Wellington (known as the Warriors in the 18th century).[1]
Transport links nearby include the A14 trunk road, guided busway (opened in 2011), with the River Great Ouse, also known as the Old West River, less than 2 miles (3 km) away, forming part of an extensive river network of almost 200 miles (322 km) of navigable river popular with boat owners. A bus service links Willingham and surrounding villages with Cambridge and St Ives.
Villages adjacent to Willingham include Earith, Over, Rampton, Longstanton, and Bar Hill.